Top 13 Common Types of Baitfish Every Angler Should Know

Baitfish are small fish used to lure bigger ones. They're key for anglers chasing game fish like bass, tuna, or trout. These little swimmers mimic natural prey, making them hard for predators to resist. Whether you're fishing in freshwater or saltwater, knowing your baitfish can boost your catch.

If you're setting up a fish-friendly environment, it's also helpful to understand what a pond fish shelter is and how it supports baitfish survival and fish health.

Common Types of Baitfish

1. Minnows
   Minnows are tiny, silver fish found in freshwater. They're a favorite for catching bass, trout, and catfish. Easy to find and keep alive, minnows are a go-to bait for many anglers.
   

   

2. Shad
   Shad are larger baitfish with shiny scales. Threadfin and gizzard shad are popular types. They attract big fish like bass and walleye. Shad often swim in schools, making them easy targets.
   
   

   

3. Herring
   

   Herring are oily, silver fish used in both fresh and saltwater. Their strong scent draws in predators like salmon and striped bass. They're especially effective when used live or freshly cut.
   

   

    

4. Sardines
   Sardines are small, oily fish ideal for saltwater fishing. Their scent and movement make them irresistible to tuna, mackerel, and other big fish. Use them whole or in chunks for best results.
   

   

   
   

5. Mullet
   Mullet are hardy fish found in coastal waters. Their tough skin and strong scent make them excellent bait for species like tarpon and snook. They can be used live or as cut bait.
   

   

   
   

6. Anchovies
   Anchovies are small, oily fish with a strong aroma. They're commonly used in saltwater to attract species like tuna and seabass. Their scent travels far, luring in predators.
   

   

   
   

7. Menhaden
   Menhaden are oily fish that play a big role in the food chain. They're used as bait for striped bass, bluefish, and more. Their strong smell makes them effective, especially when cut into pieces.
   

   

   
   

8. Pilchards
   Pilchards, also known as scaled sardines, are small baitfish used in saltwater. They're favored for attracting tarpon, snook, and jacks. Their shimmering scales and movement draw in predators.
   
   

   

9. Ballyhoo
   Ballyhoo are slender fish with a long lower jaw. They're popular for trolling in offshore fishing, targeting species like marlin and sailfish. Ballyhoo can be used fresh or frozen.
   

   

10. Cigar Minnows
    Cigar minnows are small, torpedo-shaped fish. They're effective for catching tuna, mahi-mahi, and other pelagic species. Their size and shape make them ideal for live baiting.
    
    

    

11. Smelts
    Smelts are small, silver fish found in cold waters. They're used to catch trout, salmon, and walleye. Smelts can be used live or dead, and their scent attracts predators.
    

    

    
    

12. Atlantic Silversides
    Atlantic silversides are slender fish with a silver stripe. They're common in coastal areas and used to catch fluke and other saltwater species. Their small size makes them easy prey.
    

    

    
    

13. Fathead Minnows
    Fathead minnows are small, hardy fish used in freshwater. They're ideal for catching bass, crappie, and catfish. Their resilience makes them a favorite among anglers.
    
    

    

If you're stocking a pond or selecting fish species, make sure to read Choosing Fish for Your Pond for additional insights. And if algae becomes an issue, consider adding fish that eat algae in ponds to your ecosystem.

Final Thoughts

Choosing the right bait fish can make or break your fishing trip. Consider the water type, target species, and bait availability. Live bait often works best, but fresh or frozen can also be effective. Remember, local regulations may apply, so always check before using certain baitfish.

Also, be observant of fish health. If your fish start behaving oddly, like swimming sideways, it might be a sign of illness. Issues like Ick on fish can also affect baitfish and game fish alike—so early treatment is crucial.

FAQs About Baitfish

What's the best way to keep baitfish alive?

Use a well-aerated bait bucket with clean, cool water. Avoid overcrowding and change the water regularly to keep oxygen levels high.

Can I catch my own baitfish?

Yes, you can catch baitfish using nets or traps. However, always check local regulations before collecting baitfish to ensure compliance with fishing laws.

Are live baitfish better than artificial lures?

Live baitfish often attract more bites due to their natural movement and scent. However, artificial lures can be effective and are reusable, making them a convenient alternative.

How do I choose the right baitfish for my target species?

Match the baitfish to the natural prey of your target species. For example, use minnows for freshwater bass or sardines for saltwater tuna.

Are there any environmental concerns with using baitfish?

Yes, introducing non-native baitfish to new waters can disrupt local ecosystems. Always use locally sourced baitfish and avoid releasing unused bait into the wild.

Check out the Telescoping Pond Net to view or buy — it's a must-have for handling fish safely and efficiently.